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COSHH Assessment Essentials: Stay Ahead of HSE Inspections

July 22, 2025

COSHH Assessment Essentials: Stay Ahead of HSE Inspections

The HSE inspector walks into your warehouse and heads straight for the cleaning cupboard. 

Five minutes later, you're facing an improvement notice and potential prosecution. Your crime? 

Failing to properly assess the risks from the everyday cleaning chemicals your staff use daily.

This isn't a rare scenario. 

With average HSE fines now hitting aroun £97,000 and a 94% conviction rate for COSHH prosecutions, thousands of UK businesses are unknowingly breaking the law every day. 

The truth? 

Most companies using hazardous substances—from office cleaning products to manufacturing processes—have never conducted a proper COSHH assessment.

Here's what most employers don't realise: every £1 invested in COSHH compliance returns £2-6 in cost savings. Miss it, and you're risking fines and business disruption.

Here’s what you need to know to get it right.

What is a COSHH assessment?

A COSHH assessment is your legal obligation to identify, evaluate, and control risks from any substance hazardous to health. 

It's not just about obvious chemicals—it covers cleaning products, dust from work processes, welding fumes, biological agents, and even substances created during normal operations.

Think of it as a health check for your workplace, but instead of examining people, you're evaluating how hazardous substances could harm your employees.

The HSE's 8-step process breaks down like this:

  • Identify hazardous substances in your workplace
  • Determine who might be harmed and how
  • Evaluate current control measures
  • Assess whether additional controls are needed
  • Record your findings (if you employ 5+ people)
  • Implement control measures
  • Monitor and review effectiveness
  • Provide information and training

Here's a crucial mistake businesses make: thinking a Safety Data Sheet equals a COSHH assessment. 

It doesn't.

The SDS tells you what's dangerous—the assessment tells you how dangerous it is in your specific workplace and what you need to do about it.

This applies far beyond heavy industry. 

Offices using cleaning products, schools with science labs, care homes managing medications, and beauty salons handling hair chemicals all need COSHH assessments. If you use substances that could harm your health, you need one.

Why your business should care about COSHH assessments

While it varies from industry to industry, there’s no denying that companies implementing comprehensive COSHH programs achieve higher ROI in terms of keeping employees safe and productive, while minimising problems like sick leave/pay and decreased retention.

However, the cost of ignoring it? 

Direct enforcement costs can be a tough reality check:

  • Average HSE fine: £126,000 (the largest fine in 2017 was £5 million)
  • Fee for Intervention charges: £174 per hour (rising to £183 in April 2025)
  • Criminal prosecution: Up to 2 years imprisonment for serious breaches

But fines are just the tip of the iceberg. 

Workplace injuries and ill-health cost UK businesses £20.7 billion annually, with employers bearing £3.5 billion directly. Poor COSHH compliance is a contributing factor.

And then there are the industry-specifics:

  • Construction: New RCS exposure limits of 0.1 mg/m³ are catching firms off-guard, with silica now the second biggest risk after asbestos
  • Healthcare: Biological agent exposures require HSE notification, with enhanced containment measures for higher-risk categories
  • Beauty sector: Up to 70% of hairdressers suffer from work-related skin damage during their careers, with meta-analysis showing a pooled lifetime prevalence of 38.2% for hand eczema among hairdressers, yet research indicates many establishments fail to comply with COSHH regulations for hazardous substance control.

The bottom line? 

COSHH isn't just compliance—it's a competitive advantage. While your competitors are dealing with enforcement actions, sick leave crises, and talent retention nightmares, you'll be running a lean, efficient operation where people want to work. 

The businesses thriving aren't the ones cutting corners on safety—they're the ones who figured out that protecting their people protects their profits. 

Your COSHH assessment isn't paperwork; it's your insurance policy against becoming another cautionary tale in the HSE's annual enforcement report.

The legal reality of COSHH

The COSHH Regulations 2002 apply to every UK business using hazardous substances—no exceptions based on size or sector. This is criminal law, not civil regulation.

Key legal facts:

  • Universal application: Whether you're a sole trader or a multinational corporation
  • Criminal offence: Unlimited fines and up to 2 years imprisonment for serious breaches
  • 94% conviction rate: HSE prosecution success rate far exceeds general criminal cases
  • Strict liability: No defence of "we didn't know" or "we tried our best"

Post-Brexit, the landscape is evolving. 

UK REACH implementation is adding £2 billion in industry compliance costs, while new chemical registration requirements create additional obligations for importers and manufacturers.

What triggers enforcement?

  • Worker complaints about health symptoms
  • Workplace accidents involving hazardous substances
  • Routine HSE inspections (they're increasing)
  • Anonymous reports from competitors or ex-employees

Documentation requirements are strict: General assessments must be retained for a minimum of 3 years after use ceases, while health surveillance records require 40-year retention for certain exposures. 

Digital systems help manage this complexity, but compliance is non-negotiable.

How to Implement COSHH Assessments

The trick to successful COSHH in a way that works for you is to stop treating it like a compliance checkbox—they're your frontline defence against regulatory disasters and workplace health crises. 

While your competitors are scrambling with paper-based systems and generic templates, smart businesses are leveraging purpose-built technology and systematic approaches to turn COSHH from a burden into a competitive advantage. 

Here's how to implement assessments that protect your people and your bottom line:

Step 1: Complete substance identification 

Start with a comprehensive inventory. Don't just list what's in your chemical store—include process-generated substances like welding fumes, wood dust, and even cleaning products in office areas. 

Small businesses (1-10 employees) typically need 10-20 hours for thorough identification.

Step 2: Follow the HSE's 8-step framework 

Work systematically through each step, prioritising the hierarchy of controls: elimination first, then substitution, engineering controls, administrative measures, and finally PPE. 

Don't jump straight to masks and gloves—that's often the least effective approach.

Step 3: Choose your assessment approach 

For straightforward situations, trained internal staff can conduct assessments using HSE templates. Complex processes may need specialist support. 

Choose whether to train your own team to write COSHH assessments or have an industrial‑hygiene specialist handle it for you.

Step 4: Leverage technology for efficiency 

Modern COSHH platforms can reduce assessment time while improving accuracy. Solutions like TAC Healthcare's iCOSHH platform are designed specifically for task-based risk assessments, empowering teams with instant access to critical chemical information. 

Developed by industrial hygiene experts, these systems ensure efficient compliance and safety management, crucial for protecting employee health. 

Technology benefits include:

  • Task-based chemical risk assessment software
  • Mobile-first capabilities for field assessments
  • Automated compliance reporting and alerts
  • Integration with health surveillance programmes
  • Real-time exposure monitoring through IoT sensors
  • AI-powered risk assessment tools
  • Expert-led development ensuring regulatory compliance

Step 5: Establish monitoring and review 

COSHH assessments aren't "set and forget." Establish triggers for review: process changes, new substances, incidents, or regulatory updates.

Local Exhaust Ventilation requires examination every 14 months—missing this is a common enforcement target.

Conclusion

COSHH assessments aren't a box-ticking exercise—they're strategic investments that protect your people while delivering measurable business returns. 

With HSE enforcement intensifying and average fines reaching into six digits, proactive compliance isn't just smart—it can be essential for business survival.

Start by conducting a gap analysis of your current compliance status. Identify high-risk substances and processes for immediate attention. Invest in competent assessor training or specialist support, and consider technology solutions that match your organisation's complexity.

The best time to get COSHH compliant was when the regulations started. The second-best time is now.

Ready to protect your business and your people? 

TAC Healthcare provides comprehensive COSHH assessment and platform services complemented by health surveillance programmes that transform how you stay compliant by keeping things simple.

Contact us to discuss how we can help you implement COSHH assessments that deliver real ROI. Because protecting your workforce isn't just the right thing to do, it's the profitable thing to do.